Resonant Layers

Consider the situation, studied in the previous section, in which a plane wave, polarized in the $y$-direction, is launched along the $z$-axis, from an antenna located at large positive $z$, and absorbed at a resonance located at $z=0$. In the vicinity of the resonant point, the electric component of the wave satisfies

$$\frac{d^2 E_y}{dz^2} + \frac{k_0^2\,b}{z+{\rm i}\,\epsilon} E_y = 0,$$ (6.55)

where $b>0$ and $\epsilon<0$.

The time-averaged Poynting flux in the $z$-direction is written

$$P_z = - \frac{(E_y\,B_x^{\,\ast} + E_y^{\,\ast}\,B_x)}{4 \,\mu_0}.$$ (6.56)

Now, the Faraday-Maxwell equation yields

$${\rm i}\,\omega\,B_x = -\frac{d E_y}{dz}.$$ (6.57)

Thus, we have

$$P_z = -\frac{{\rm i}}{4\,\mu_0\,\omega} \left(\frac{d E_y}{dz}\, E_y^{\,\ast} - \frac{d E_y^{\,\ast}}{dz} \,E_y\right).$$ (6.58)

Let us ascribe any variation of $P_z$ with $z$ to the wave energy emitted by the plasma. We then obtain

$$\frac{d P_z}{dz} = W,$$ (6.59)

where $W$ is the power emitted by the plasma per unit volume. It follows that

$$W = -\frac{{\rm i}}{4\,\mu_0\,\omega}\left(\frac{d^2 E_y}{dz^{2}}\,E_y^{\,\ast} - \frac{d^2 E_y^{\,\ast}}{dz^{2}}\,E_y\right).$$ (6.60)

Equations (6.55) and (6.60) yield

$$W = \left(\frac{k_0^{2}\,b}{2\,\mu_0\,\omega}\right)\left( \frac{\epsilon}{z^{2} + \epsilon^{2}}\right)\vert E_y\vert^{2}.$$ (6.61)

Note that $W<0$, because $\epsilon<0$, so wave energy is absorbed by the plasma. It is clear, from the previous formula, that the absorption takes place in a narrow layer, of thickness $\vert\epsilon\vert$, centered on the resonance point, $z=0$.