Resonant Layers

Consider the situation under investigation in the preceding section, in which a plane wave, polarized in the $y$-direction, is launched along the $z$-axis, from an antenna located at large positive $z$, and absorbed at a resonance located at $z=0$. In the vicinity of the resonant point, the electric component of the wave satisfies

$$\frac{d^2 E_y}{dz^2} + \frac{k_0^2\,b}{z+{\rm i}\,\epsilon} E_y = 0,$$ (607)

where $b>0$ and $\epsilon<0$.

The time-averaged Poynting flux in the $z$-direction is written

$$P_z = - \frac{(E_y\,B_x^{~\ast} + E_y^{~\ast}\,B_x)}{4 \mu_0}.$$ (608)

Now, the Faraday-Maxwell equation yields

$${\rm i}\,\omega\,B_x = -\frac{d E_y}{dz}.$$ (609)

Thus, we have

$$P_z = -\frac{{\rm i}}{4\,\mu_0\,\omega} \left(\frac{d E_y}{dz}\, E_y^{~\ast} - \frac{d E_y^{~\ast}}{dz} \,E_y\right).$$ (610)

Let us ascribe any variation of $P_z$ with $z$ to the wave energy emitted by the plasma. We then have

$$\frac{d P_z}{dz} = W,$$ (611)

where $W$ is the power emitted by the plasma per unit volume. It follows that

$$W = -\frac{{\rm i}}{4\,\mu_0\,\omega}\left(\frac{d^2 E_y}{dz^2}\,E_y^{~\ast} - \frac{d^2 E_y^{~\ast}}{dz^2}\,E_y\right).$$ (612)

Equations (607) and (612) yield

$$W = \frac{k_0^{~2}\,b}{2\,\mu_0\,\omega} \frac{\epsilon}{z^2 + \epsilon^2}\, \vert E_y\vert^2.$$ (613)

Note that $W<0$, since $\epsilon<0$, so wave energy is absorbed by the plasma. It is clear from the above formula that the absorption takes place in a narrow layer, of thickness $\vert\epsilon\vert$, centred on the resonance point, $z=0$.